Angelina jordan

AngelinaJordan

2020.02.21 07:07 Rusty_Q_Shackleford AngelinaJordan

A place for all things Angelina Jordan. Please share all your favorite Angelina Videos, Photos, and Discussions so that we can help support her as she continues to build her legendary career. Bookmarks this page and check back often to stay on top of all future developments and events related to Angelina Jordan. Please keep all comments and discussions respectful.
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2020.02.16 23:01 boogie_tyme Angelinajordanusfan

Angelina Jordan U.S. Fan club is the Official page with the best reaction videos to this very talented young lady with a voice that can blow you away. I tell you she has been here before. You get it here first. She is a child prodigy just wait and see. Can't wait to share what we have with you all...Enjoy
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2019.11.11 19:32 boogie_tyme Angelina Jordan US fan Club

This is a place for all Angelina Jordan to come and check out this music prodigy in all different areas of her singing. Please try to encourage other member to grow there Channels. no spam or sub for sub allowed! Just people hanging out and growing together as a community.
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2023.05.31 22:48 New_Biscotti_1197 SBALORDITIVO! ANGELINA JORDAN IT'S A MAN'S WORLD REACTION

SBALORDITIVO! ANGELINA JORDAN IT'S A MAN'S WORLD REACTION submitted by New_Biscotti_1197 to Fablinker [link] [comments]


2023.05.31 18:47 Trixiebella15 Angelina Jordan - Bohemian Rhapsody - America’s Got Talent (2020) Opera Singer Reacts

Angelina Jordan - Bohemian Rhapsody - America’s Got Talent (2020) Opera Singer Reacts submitted by Trixiebella15 to MaggieReneeMusicFans [link] [comments]


2023.05.27 04:18 AC_the_Panther_007 Out of My Casts for Forrest Gump (1994), Which One is Your Favourite? (Version 2)

1974:
Dustin Hoffman as Forrest Gump
Goldie Hawn as Jenny Curran
Burt Reynolds as Lt. Dan Taylor
Billy Dee Williams as Benjamin Buford "Bubba" Blue
Cloris Leachman as Mrs. Gump
Director: Peter Bogdanovich


1984:
Michael Douglas as Forrest Gump
Michelle Pfeiffer as Jenny Curran
Gary Busey as Lt. Dan Taylor
Danny Glover as Benjamin Buford "Bubba" Blue
Shirley MacLaine as Mrs. Gump
Director: Rob Reiner


1994:
John Travolta as Forrest Gump
Patricia Arquette as Jenny Curran
Michael Rooker as Lt. Dan Taylor
Keith David as Benjamin Buford "Bubba" Blue
Susan Sarandon as Mrs. Gump
Director: Robert Zemeckis


2004:
Robert Downey Jr. as Forrest Gump
Reese Witherspoon as Jenny Curran
Nicolas Cage as Lt. Dan Taylor
Jamie Foxx as Benjamin Buford "Bubba" Blue
Geena Davis as Mrs. Gump
Director: Ron Howard


2014:
Ryan Reynolds as Forrest Gump
Blake Lively as Jenny Curran
Bradley Cooper as Lt. Dan Taylor
Chadwick Boseman as Benjamin Buford "Bubba" Blue
Sandra Bullock as Mrs. Gump
Director: David O. Russell


2024:
Josh Peck as Forrest Gump
Florence Pugh as Jenny Curran
Garrett Hedlund as Lt. Dan Taylor
Michael B. Jordan as Benjamin Buford "Bubba" Blue
Angelina Jolie as Mrs. Gump
Director: Paul Thomas Anderson
View Poll
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2023.05.25 03:03 princessrockyblue the supporting cast suggestion knuckles spin-off series

Vector the Crocodile - Bruce Campbell, Jeffrey Dean Morgan, Micheal B. Jordan
Espio the Chameleon - Daisuke Tsuji
Charmy Bee - Colleen o'Shaughnessey
Mighty The Armadillo - Micheal Mando, Micheal B. Jordan
Ray The flying squirrel - Tara Strong
Fang The Sniper - John Patrick Lowrie, Hugh Jackman, Karl Urban,
Bean The Dynamite - Aziz Ansari, Steven Ogg
Chief Pachacamac - Danny Trejo Sofía
Tikal the Echidna - Díana Bermudez, Ana de la Reguera, Selene Luna, Sofía Espinosa, Isabela Merced, Salma Hayek, Nisa Gunduz
E-102 Gamma - Corey Burton
Wendy Witchcart - Mia Goth, Shohreh Aghdashloo, Harriet Samson Harris
Battle Kukku XV - Nolan North
Speedy XVI - Maria Bakalova
Dr. Fukurokov - Mark Ivanar
Breezie The Hedgehog - Regina King, Janelle Monáe, Jena Malone, Pollyanna McIntosh
Vanilla The Rabbit - Maggie Robertson
Amy Rose - Kimiko Glenn
Big The Cat - Dave Fennoy, Patrick Warburton, Micheal B Jordan
Cream the Rabbit - Melissa Hutchison
Sticks the Badger - Margot Robbie, Paola Lázaro
Gerald Kintobor - Ron Perlman
Maria Kintobor - Mkeena Grace
Commander Abraham Tower - Frank Anthony Grillo
Subject Shadow The Hedgehog (Terios Kintobor) - (Paramount stated they want an A-list celebrity to voice Shadow) Keanu Reeves, Robert Pattinson, Pedro Pascal, Oscar Isaac, Micheal B Jordan
Rouge The Bat - Chloé Hollings, Marion Cotillard, Mélanie Laurent, Camille Cottin, Jordana Lajoie
Tom Wachowski’s father - Bob Odinkirk, Dustin Hoffman, Bill Murray, Micheal Keaton, Kurt Russell, John Goodman
Metal Sonic - Ben Schwartz(robotic filter)
E-123 Omega - Micheal B Jordan, Terry Crews, Jon Bernthal
Hazard The Bio-Lizard (Marzanna Kintobor) - Ivana Miličević
Void TrapDark - Jude Law, Dane DeHaan, Gerald Way, Scott Williams, Freddie Highmore,
Lumina Flowlight - Tabitha St. Germain
Blaze’s Mother - Janina Gavankar, Sakina Jaffrey
Blaze The Cat (Indian/British accent) - Priyanka Chopra, Devika Bhise, Varada Sethu, Simone Ashley, Ulka Simone Mohanty, Natasha Chandel
Marine the Raccoon - Sia, Katie Bergin, Bella Heathcote, Isla Lang Fisher, Rylee Alazraqui, Kendal Rae
Blaze’s Rival: Frost The Axotol(example)- Michelle Yeoh, Fala Chen, Antony Starr
Jet’s Father - Matt Ryan, Iwan Rheon
Jet The Hawk - Tony Hawk, Aaron Paul, Christopher Mintz-Plasse, Dante Basco, Ken Jeong, Joseph Gordon-Levitt, Jimmy O. Yang
Wave The Swallow - Sarah Margaret Qualley
Storm the Albatross (pacific, Oceania) - Dave Batista, Taylor Wily
Emerl The Gizoid - Augus Imrie, Kendal Rae,
Clutch The Possum - Micheal Rooker, Benjamin Byron Davis, Robert Allen Wiethoff
Tangle The Lemur - Lauren Keke Palmer, Brenda Song
Whisper The Wolf - Stefanie Joosten, Ana de Armas
Mimic The Octopus - Richard Colin Brake
Doctor Starline - Troy Baker, Hugh Grant,
Starline’s Love interest and partner -
Rough and Tumble the Skunks - Will Ferrell and John C. Reily, Jordan Peele and Keegan-Michael Key
Surge The Tenrec - Rachel Bloom, AJ Michalka
Kitsunami The Fennec Fox - Michael Cera, Kyle McCarley
Zavok - Christopher Judge, John Cena, Jon Bernthal
Master Zik - Frank Oz, Randall Duk Kim, Dustin Hoffman
Zeena -Mindy Kaling
Zor - Jaeden Martell, Dane DeHaan, Gerald Way
Zazz - Danny Brown,
Zomom - T.J. Miller
Black Doom -
,Keith David https://youtu.be/9LmOwEfPHUo
, Jackie Earle Haley - https://youtu.be/sF8zxctevXc
, Jon Bernthal - https://youtu.be/sDp4AuNen0Y
, Sean Schemmel -
, Ray Porter - https://youtu.be/aR8p4DIpxxE
,Karl Urban - https://youtu.be/ccF3uvpJ96I
Eclipse The Darkling - Norman Reedus
Callisto The Darkling - Carrie-Anne Moss
Dark Oak - Jeremy Irons
Black Narcissus - Angelina Jolie
Pala Bayleaf - John Leguizamo
Yellow Zelkova - Terry Crews
Red Pine - Pat Casey or Josh Miller
Cosmo The Seedrian - Carol Anne Day, Liliana Mumy
Lyric The Ancient(Owl like Longclaw) - Jackie Earle Haley
Johnny Lightfoot - Taron Egerton
Tekno The Canary - Paula Burrows
Porker Lewis - John Boyega, Daniel Radcliffe
Shorty “Shortfuse” The Cybernik - Cillian Murphy, Barry Sloane
Ebony The Cat - Gratiela Brancusi
Sonia The Hedgehog - Kiernan Shipka, Evan Rachel Wood, Isabella Merced, Jena Malone
Manic The Hedgehog - Joe Keery
Sally Acorn - Zendaya Maree Stoermer Coleman
Antoine D’Coolette - Tomer Capone, Bradley Cooper(hes fluent in French)
Bunnie Rabbot - Alex McKenna
Rotor The “Boomer” Walrus - John Cena
Nicole The Holo-Lynx - Ashly Burch
Lupe The Wolf - Amber Midthunder
Dulcy The Dragon - America Ferrera
Chip - Tom Holland, Freddie Highmore
Professor Dillion Pickle - Ian McKellen
Imperator Ix - Gary Oldman
Shade The Echidna - Lady Gaga
Infinite The Jackal - Kit Harington, Jon Bernthal
Silver The Hedgehog - Steven Yeun
Gold The Tenrec - Simone Ashley
Professor Von Schlemmer - Matthias Schweighöfer
Dr. Negan Robotnik a.k.a Eggman Neo - J.K. Simmons, Jeffery Dean Morgan, Giancarlo Esposito, Bryan Cranston, Pedro Pascal
Dr. Grimer Wormtongue - Ian McShane, Jackie Earle Haley
Chris thorndyke - Graham Verchere
Frost the hobidon - Dakota lotus
Juliet suter - Sydney Scotia
Antia/tania - Cassie glow
Perci - Stephanie lemelin
Preteen bokkun - Brett Gray
Park ranger - Patrick Warburton
Ashe - peyton r. perrine iii
Burst wisp - cherami Leigh
Uncle Charles - David Lengel
Bernadette - Melanie Zanetti
submitted by princessrockyblue to KnucklestheEchidna [link] [comments]


2023.05.24 09:43 JamesCpixarfan061207 20th Century Animation's Extreme Weather was released in December 15th, 2022

Credit to Disney for the first part and LMS for the second part
PLOT: Luca Paguro and Lucky Prescott discovers that the weather gets wild and extreme. But what they didn't discover that there are wolves in their world and this island. Luca and Lucky needed some help to save the island from the forces of evil. They have to save their home before it gives it the wrong hands.
Extreme Weather (2021) - Working on Storyboard - December 18, 2016-November 5, 2019 and Working on CGI - November 30, 2019-January 25, 2021
Theatrical release: December 16th, 2022
Digital release: December 16th, 2022
DVD release: March 17th, 2023
Blu-ray release: March 17th, 2022
4K Ultra HD Blu-ray release: March 18, 2022
Disney+ Release: December 16th, 2022 (along with other Nintendo Animation films (including Evil Peach and The Return of Evil Peach), Regency Animation films, 20th Century Animation films, Maldonado Studios (formerly Porchlight Entertainment) films, 20th Century Fox Classic Animation films, News Corp. Pictures theatrical animated films, Saban Animation films, News Corp. Animation films, Nicholas (franchise) films, Kingdom Entertainment films, 20th Television Animation theatrical animated films, Blue Sky Studios films, 20th Century Studios animated films, Fox Animation Studios films and Star)
Genres: Family/Animation/Comedy/Romantic/Action/Adventure/Sci-Fi/Thriller
Rated PG for some mild language, action/peril, brief rude humor, and mild violence, some scary images, a romantic scene, blood/mischief, and sequences of action violence. (USA)
Rated PG: (Canada) Rated PG (UK) (Rated PG) (Australia) Rated A (Mexico)
Cast: Jacob Trembaly, Isabela Merced, Idris Elba, Nicholas Cage, Freddie Highmore, Taylor Swift, Keegan-Michael Key, Jordan Peele, Marsai Martin, McKenna Grace, Leonardo DiCaprio, Eiza Gonzalez, Jack Dylan Grazer, Jake Gyleenhaal, Craig Robinson, Tom Holland, Emma Thompson, Octavia Spencer, Antonio Banderas, Rami Malek, Sean Astin, John Cena, Kumail Nanjiani, Bill Hader, Ralph Fennies, Zendaya, With Jeff Bregman, Eric Bauza, And Angelina Jolie
Directed by: Peter Jackson
Produced By: Jeff Fowler
Runtime: 2 hour and 00 minutes Color:
Color Aspect Ratio: 2.35:1
Language: English Country: United States
Disturbers: 20th Century Studios (VOD) (Theatrical) (though Walt Disney Studios Motion Picture)
Production Companies:
20th Century Animation, Walden Media, Blinding Edge Pictures
(full cast and crew are coming soon)
© 2021 20th Century Studios / 20th Century Animation. All rights reserved. © 2022 20th Century Studios Home Entertainment. All rights reserved.
submitted by JamesCpixarfan061207 to 20thcenturystudios [link] [comments]


2023.05.23 20:51 No_Explanation_9860 Fascinating Angelina Jordan

Fascinating Angelina Jordan submitted by No_Explanation_9860 to Sophisticated_Beauty [link] [comments]


2023.05.23 20:51 No_Explanation_9860 Fascinating Angelina Jordan

Fascinating Angelina Jordan submitted by No_Explanation_9860 to Sophisticated_Beauty [link] [comments]


2023.05.23 06:20 MJYW List of EN/KR Voice Actors (IL Siracusano patch)

New Voice Actors are in bold.
The following Operators are listed in the order that they appear in the datamine:
Operator EN Voice Actor KR Voice Actor
Lancet-2 -- 이소은
Castle-3 -- 최승훈
Yato Jessica Mcdonald 우정신
Noir Corne Ben Cura 류승곤
Rangers David Menkin 김기현
Durin Emma Ballantine 양정화
12F James Phoon 김영선
Fang Norma Butikofer 김하루
Vanilla Stephanie Sheh 강새봄
Plume Rosie Jones 윤미나
Melantha Penelope Rawlins 윤미나
Midnight Alex Jordan --
Popukar -- 류점희
Cardigan Anjali Kunapaneni 이재현
Beagle Claire Morgan 이현진
Spot Hyoie O'Grady 김지율
Kroos Grace Hogg-Robinson 양정화
Adnachiel Stefan Menaul 심규혁
Catapult Clare Louise Connolly --
Lava Díana Bermudez 김하영
Hibiscus Yuuki Luna 방연지
Ansel Claire Morgan 안현서
Steward Gregg Lowe 한만중
Orchid Susie Riddell 여민정
Haze Ratana 이슬
Gitano Sarah Ovens 김보나
Greyy Maihan 소연
Jessica Rebecca LaChance 김하영
Meteor Samantha Dakin 조경이
Vermeil -- 김서영
May -- 유영
Shirayuki Rae Lim 민아
Courier Joseph May 최승훈
Scavenger Jennifer Armour 정유미
Vigna -- 안현서
Myrtle Hollie Taylor 정유정
Dobermann Lucy Montgomery 김현지
Matoimaru -- 채민지
Conviction -- 김현심
Frostleaf Ina Marie Smith 장미
Estelle Clare Corbett 김서영
Mousse Angel Lin 조경이
Utage -- 최하리
Gravel Naomi Mcdonald 채민지
Rope Claire Morgan 이새벽
Myrrh Angel Lin 강은애
Gavial Natalie Winter 김유림
Sussurro -- 서유리
Perfumer -- 이현진
Matterhorn Adam Diggle 장민혁
Cuora Xanthe Huynh 정혜원
Gummy -- 김채하
Dur-nar Triya Leong --
Deepcolor -- 김새해
Earthspirit -- 채민지
Roberta Becky Wright 김보민
Ethan -- 이상호
Shaw Harriet Carmichael 서은비
Ptilopsis Heather Nicol 김새해
Zima -- 이명희
Texas Jessica Preddy 김채하
Grani -- 이재현
Reed -- 유보라
Swire Emma Ballantine 김율
Franka -- 박고운
Indra Polly Eachus 이새벽
Lappland Christina Kowalchuk 서유리
Bibeak -- 이새아
Specter Harriet Carmichael 김현심
Broca -- 성완경
Savage -- 이보희
Sideroca -- 김수영
Amiya (both classes) Emma Ballantine 이지현
Blue Poison Alex Tregear 우정신
Platinum Rosie Day 김채하
Meteorite Hollie Taylor 김수영
Executor -- 김영선
Skyfire -- 여윤미
Leizi -- 강시현
Lava the Purgatory Díana Bermudez 김하영
Mayer Anjali Kunapaneni 정혜원
Silence Erica Lindbeck --
Warfarin Lindsay Morton 신송이
Ceylon -- 이보희
Mulberry Julie Rogers 이지현
Nearl Devora Wilde 김예림
Hung -- 최낙윤
Projekt Red Jenny Yokobori 박신희
Waai Fu -- 윤은서
Liskarm Megan Maczko 이새아
Croissant -- 양정화
Bison -- 배정미
Vulcan -- 장경희
Asbestos -- 정유미
Ashlock Diana Bermudez 이지영
Provence -- 박지윤
Firewatch -- 장미
Cliffheart Rebecca Yeo 김보영
Snowsant -- 방시우
Pramanix Ashleigh Haddad 박고운
Istina Risa Mei 김가령
Sora -- 장예나
Manticore -- 김보영
FEater Ashleigh Haddad 송하림
Exusiai Leonora Haig 이지현
Schwarz -- 박신희
Fartooth Samantha Dakin 여윤미
W (and skin) Caitlyn Bairstow 박고운
Rosa -- 최하리
Ch'en the Holungday Amy Lennox 정유정
Siege Claudia Jolly 가빈
Saileach Meaghan Martin 김선혜
Ifrit Jennifer Sun Bell 소연
Eyjafjalla Hollie Taylor 김하루
Ceobe -- 류점희
Dusk Aileen Mythen 배정미
Angelina Lizzie Waterworth 이소은
Magallan -- 김보나
Skadi the Corrupting Heart -- 김나율
Phantom Ben Cura 표영재
Aak -- 전숙경
Shining Jane Jackson 김선혜
Nightingale Sophie Colquhoun 이현진
Hoshiguma Meaghan Martin 이새벽
Saria Norma Butikofer 원에스더
Nian Akira Lee Watanabe 김나율
Skadi -- 김나율
Silverash James Day 남도형
Ch'en Amy Lennox 정유정
Blaze -- 김연우
Surtr -- 서유리
Nearl the Radiant Knight Devora Wilde 김예림
Flametail Jennie Kwan 김보민
Wild Mane Judy Alice Lee 김영은
Justice Knight Ina-Marie Smith 김선혜
Honeyberry Sophie Shad 윤은서
Pudding Penelope Rawlins 김새해
Corroserum David Menkin 김신우
Gnosis Charles Aitken 전승화
Aurora Sarah Burke 유영
Kjera Sarah Ovens 전숙경
Shalem Chase Brown 김명준
Ling Denise Moreno 이다은
Lee Joseph May 최한
Blacknight Norma Butikofer 윤아영
Kroos the Keen Glint Grace Hogg-Robinson 양정화
Goldenglow Heather Nicol 정혜원
Quercus Meaghan Martin 김연우
Fiammetta Ina Marie Smith 김보나
Kazemaru Penelope Rawlins 이자명
Enforcer Chase Brown 신용우
Horn Anna Burnett 성예원
Rockrock Clare Louise Connolly 이유리
Chestnut -- 홍승효
Heidi Sophie Shad 성예원
Specter the Unchained Harriet Carmichael 김현심
Irene Lizzie Waterworth 사문영
Lumen Jay Rincon 민승우
Windflit Caleb Yen 정의택
Erato -- 김윤채
Ebenholz Atilla Akinci 엄상현
Hibiscus the Purifier Yuuki Luna 방연지
Czerny Gunnar Cauthery 이현
Dorothy Allegra Clark 이은조
Greyy the Lightningbearer Mark Daugherty 소연
Astgenne Maya Aoki Tuttle 김이안
Gavial the Invincible Natalie Winter 김유림
Pozëmka Alyson Leigh Rosenfeld 박리나
Cantabile Frankie Kevich 문선희
Minimalist Caleb Yen 이주승
Stormeye Dar Dash --
Touch Elsie Bennett --
Sharp Ben Starr --
Pith Rebecca Hanssen --
Młynar Anthony Howell 최현수
Proviso Allegra Clark 김채린
Tulip -- 김채린
Highmore -- 이다은
Paprika Erika Harlacher-Stone --
Dagda Eleanor Bennett --
Stainless Jack Ayres --
Totter Mercer Boffey --
Lunacub Stephanie McKeon 박하진
Vigil Salvatore Scarpa 이상호
Penance Allegra Clark 비주언
Texas the Omertosa Jessica Preddy 김채하
Some totals (not counting R6S for EN voices):
Source: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Kengxxiao/ArknightsGameData/masteja_JP/gamedata/excel/charword_table.json
submitted by MJYW to arknights [link] [comments]


2023.05.22 07:22 Fine_Reader103 Angelina Jordan

Angelina Jordan submitted by Fine_Reader103 to lesserknownbeauties [link] [comments]


2023.05.22 06:31 Fine_Reader103 Amazing Norwegian singer Angelina Jordan

Amazing Norwegian singer Angelina Jordan submitted by Fine_Reader103 to ladiesinsuits [link] [comments]


2023.05.22 06:26 Fine_Reader103 Amazing Norwegian singer Angelina Jordan

Amazing Norwegian singer Angelina Jordan submitted by Fine_Reader103 to colorful_divinity [link] [comments]


2023.05.22 06:23 Fine_Reader103 Amazing Norwegian singer Angelina Jordan

Amazing Norwegian singer Angelina Jordan submitted by Fine_Reader103 to Sophisticated_Beauty [link] [comments]


2023.05.20 18:12 nickstatus Angelina Jordan - Love Don't Let Me Go [Soul] (2023)

submitted by nickstatus to Music [link] [comments]


2023.05.18 18:38 New_Biscotti_1197 AVEVA SOLAMENTE 8 ANNI! ANGELINA JORDAN FLY ME TO THE MOON REACTION

AVEVA SOLAMENTE 8 ANNI! ANGELINA JORDAN FLY ME TO THE MOON REACTION submitted by New_Biscotti_1197 to Fablinker [link] [comments]


2023.05.14 22:21 Fun-Reputation586 Best Acts Not From AGT or BGT Ever

PLEASE give me more because I am still in the process of making that top 75 list (it used to be 50 but there are so many good acts I decided to expand it) but 13 acts have made the cut so far please let me know which others I should consider!
submitted by Fun-Reputation586 to agt [link] [comments]


2023.05.13 02:15 us48ugot8 Angelina Jordan (8) - Fly Me To The Moon - The View 2014

Angelina Jordan (8) - Fly Me To The Moon - The View 2014 submitted by us48ugot8 to u/us48ugot8 [link] [comments]


2023.05.13 02:06 us48ugot8 Angelina Jordan - What A Difference A Day Makes (subtitled) - Full Versi...

Angelina Jordan - What A Difference A Day Makes (subtitled) - Full Versi... submitted by us48ugot8 to u/us48ugot8 [link] [comments]


2023.05.11 07:01 No_Abbreviations399 BORN PINK TOUR - AUSTRALIA - CONFIRMED TICKET SCAMMERS - BEWARE

BORN PINK TOUR - AUSTRALIA - CONFIRMED TICKET SCAMMERS - BEWARE
On my travels to try to procure tickets for the 2023 BORN PINK AUSTRALIA Melbourne concert, I have run into a large number of scammers, especially on Facebook Marketplace. With the help of a group of Blinks, we have been able to confirm a number of individuals who are without a doubt scamming by using screenshots of other people's confirmation emails.
This post is to provide BLINKS with knowledge on how to avoid scammers by understanding what to look out for, as well as by checking this list of identified scammers which will continue to be updated.
>> Current list of known scammers (constantly updated)
  • Sally Rose
  • Ella Hopkins
  • Dorota Wilcox
  • Sylvester Cinndy
  • Derick Leo
  • Sophine Tresidder
  • Joe O'Rourke
  • Freya Abbie
  • Sally Rose
  • Amy Rose Knox
  • Chelsea McCharty
  • Capella Ramon Claudia
  • Dean Melvim Steklenburg
  • Johanna Brandy
  • James George
  • Benjamin Riddle
  • Kishan Rajesekaran
  • Mohammed Moustafa
  • Miracle Eze
  • Upekkha Tantri
  • Zuma Peach
  • Jody Brasaard
  • Kellie Ross
  • John David
  • Tracey Howarth Jane
  • Angelina Prince
  • Brittney Ross
  • Ben Jamie
  • Copper Craig
  • Yu Zhao
  • Jiaqi Ren
  • Jordan Nathaniel
  • Mandy Chan
  • Elisa P Khor
  • Nelson Smith
  • Hentry Ep
  • Syed Ghazanfar Ali Shah
  • Ella Grace
  • Lemow

>> How to check the ticket someone is trying to sell you:
CHECKLIST:
  • DATES
  • LOCATION
  • NAME ON THE TICKET - Does it match who's selling the ticket to you?
  • COMPARE THE TICKET LAYOUT - Compare the ticket with someone you know and trust who has a confirmed/current version of the concert ticket. Does the layout match? Are the colours and fonts the same? Is the Ticketek banner the same or different?
  • FORMAT - Check the text font, text size, text location, typos, spacing etc
  • HOW ARE THEY SELLING? - Legit sellers should be agreeable to selling via Tixel, as Tixel protects the buyer and the seller. Never just agree to transfer money to anyone, even if they send you 1 ticket before you pay, then the rest after you pay. It won't matter if both tickets are fake.
  • WHERE ARE THEY LOCATED? - Scammers often aren't even from the country the tickets are being sold in. Beware of people from other countries trying to sell off tickets to you.
QUESTIONS YOU SHOULD ASK THE SELLER:
  • You can ask the seller to show you the confirmation email they received from Ticketek, if they won't show you, don't deal with them. If they show you and you're still unsure, you can ask them to send the ticket again, but for example, change the blocking of the information on the ticket. If they have the original ticket they should be able to resend the ticket with what ever information shown or hidden.
  • Do NOT tell them how many tickets you want to buy - instead ask them how many tickets they are selling. Sometimes you can catch them out in a lie down the track, especially if the screenshots they send don't match up to what they're saying.
  • Always ask them to show all the information on the ticket, if you're buying 3 tickets and they only show (for example) information for seat 1, but not for seat 2 or 3. Ask them to send the entire ticket. Be careful of scammers using photoshop to duplicate entries they don't really have!
  • Ask the seller how much they paid for the tickets (if they didn't reveal it on the screenshot) - scammers want you to think you're getting a good deal and also probably aren't even aware of how much the tickets were during original sale prices. Search online for this information so that you can compare what they're saying is true.
  • Ask the seller if they are comfortable selling via Tixel. Most legit people will sell via Tixel. Scammers sometimes get very aggressive/pushy if you mention that you only wish to buy via Tixel.

  1. Checking the format of the ticket: Check the font of the screenshot/ticket, does it all match? Are there any typos? Is the spacing uniform? Is the font different in areas such as: seat, row, area, date etc.In the below example, notice how the font for the second ticket seat '3' is bigger than the seat '2' font. This is a clear example of photoshop being used.
https://preview.redd.it/5qmga2ycq4za1.jpg?width=590&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=c6afb30dc8fe29a4b09d19c4cea667121a7ce4e9
In the next example, notice how the name of the ticket owner 'Hi Kellie Ross' is a different font size and style to the rest of the text. Also notice how the hyphen in the ticket seating information '05-1' has different spacing to the one beneath it '05 -1'. Additionally both seat listing are also of different text sizing. These are all indicative of photoshop/editing.

https://preview.redd.it/1x6delieq4za1.jpg?width=664&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=7e80e8965e4925d25fd7874851b4f2528f10a758

I hope this helps at least one person to not be scammed in the future.
submitted by No_Abbreviations399 to BlackPink [link] [comments]


2023.05.11 05:57 Obversa Modern Mythology: The misrepresentation and misleading marketing of the Friesian horse breed as a "medieval war mount"

Note: I reposted this to make the title easier to read. In any case, I hope you enjoy.
With the inclusion of a Friesian horse in Disney's live-action adaptation of The Little Mermaid (2023), I decided to debunk the "bad history" that has, since the 1980s, been associated with the Friesian breed since the release of the medieval fantasy film Ladyhawke (1985). This isn't a debunking of the use of a Friesian horse in The Little Mermaid itself; but rather, in the medieval TV and film genre as a whole.
Firstly, you may be asking, "What is the Friesian horse breed?"
According to Wikipedia:
The Friesian (also Frizian) is a horse breed originating in Friesland, in the Netherlands.
Although the conformation of the breed resembles that of a light draught horse, Friesians are graceful and nimble for their size. It is believed that during the Middle Ages, ancestors of Friesian horses were in great demand as war horses throughout continental Europe. Through the Early Middle Ages and High Middle Ages, their size enabled them to carry a knight in armour. In the Late Middle Ages, heavier, draught type animals were needed.
Though the breed nearly became extinct on more than one occasion, the modern day Friesian horse is growing in numbers and popularity, used both in harness and under saddle. Most recently, the breed is being introduced to the field of dressage, causing the decline of the draught-type, with its sturdy legs and back.
However, already we have some "bad history" in this Wikipedia article about the Friesian horse. Firstly, there is the misleading claim that "It is believed that during the Middle Ages, ancestors of Friesian horses were in great demand as war horses throughout continental Europe. Through the Early Middle Ages and High Middle Ages, their size enabled them to carry a knight in armour."
While horses from Friesland in the Netherlands were used - like all other medieval horses - these horses were divided into types, as opposed to breeds. Horse breeds would not popularly emerge until the 17th century at the earliest, and the Friesian horse breed - in its current form today - was not bred until the 18th and 19th centuries (1700s-1800s), and they were specifically bred to be carriage horses.
Carriage and driving horses are specifically bred to be driven under harness, as opposed to ridden. (Also see the differentiation between the Standardbred vs. Thoroughbred horse breeds.)
In fact, this is stated by another Wikipedia article, "Horses in the Middle Ages":
"It is also hard to trace what happened to the bloodlines of destriers when this type seems to disappear from record during the 17th century. Many modern draft breeds claim some link to the medieval 'great horse', with some historians considering breeds such as the Percheron, Belgian and Suffolk Punch likely descendants of the destrier. However, other historians discount this theory, since the historical record suggests the medieval warhorse was quite a different 'type' to the modern draught horse. Such a theory would suggest the war horses were crossed once again with 'cold blooded' work horses, since war horses, and the destrier in particular, were renowned for their hot-blooded nature."
Citations:
Carey, Brian Todd; Allfree, Joshua B; Cairns, John (2006) Warfare in the Medieval World. p. 113.
Clark, John (Ed) (2004) The Medieval Horse and its Equipment: c. 1150-c. 1450. p. 23.
Gies, Frances; Gies, Joseph (2005) Daily Life in Medieval Times. UK: Grange Books, originally published by Harper Collins in three volumes: 1969, 1974, 1990. p. 30, p. 88.
Prestwich, Michael (1996) Armies and Warfare in the Middle Ages: The English Experience. p. 30.
For more on types vs. breeds of horses, you can see the section "Types of horses" on that same Wikipedia page. However, for the purposes of this post, we will focus on three types used to classify medieval horses: Destriers, coursers, and rounceys.
Per the "Types of horses" section:
"Throughout the [medieval] period, horses were rarely considered breeds, but instead were defined by type: by describing their purpose or their physical attributes. Many of the definitions were not precise, or were interchangeable. Prior to approximately the 13th century, few pedigrees were written down. Thus, many terms for horses in the Middle Ages did not refer to breeds as we know them today, but rather described appearance or purpose.
One of the best-known of the medieval horses was the destrier, renowned and admired for its capabilities in war. It was well trained, and was required to be strong, fast and agile. A 14th-century writer described them as "tall and majestic and with great strength".
In contemporary sources, the destrier was frequently referred to as the "great horse", because of its size and reputation. Being a subjective term, it gives no firm information about its actual height or weight, but since the average horse of the time was 12 to 14 hands (48 to 56 inches, 122 to 142 cm), a "great horse" by medieval standards might appear small to our modern eyes. The destrier was highly prized by knights and men-at-arms, but was actually not very common, and appears to have been most suited to the joust.
Coursers were generally preferred for hard battle, as they were light, fast, and strong. They were valuable, but not as costly as the destrier. They were also used frequently for hunting.
A more general-purpose horse was the rouncey (also rounsey), which could be kept as a riding horse or trained for war. It was commonly used by squires, men-at-arms or poorer knights. A wealthy knight would keep rounceys for his retinue.
Sometimes the expected nature of warfare dictated the choice of horse; when a summons to war was sent out in England, in 1327, it expressly requested rounceys, for swift pursuit, rather than destriers. Rounceys were sometimes used as pack horses (but never as cart horses)."
Citations:
Clark, John (Ed) (2004). The Medieval Horse and its Equipment: c. 1150-c. 1450. p. 29.
Gravett, Christopher (2002), English Medieval Knight 1300-1400. p. 59.
Hyland, Ann (1998). The Warhorse 1250-1600. p. 221-222.
Oakeshott, Ewart (1998). A Knight and His Horse. Rev. 2nd Ed., p. 11-12
Prestwich, Michael (1996) Armies and Warfare in the Middle Ages: The English Experience. p. 30, p. 318.
Here, we see even more problems and issues with the "Friesian horse" article on Wikipedia. Firstly, there is the following excerpt, citing author Ann Hyland's book The Warhorse 1250–1600 (1998), pp. 2–3:
"The Emperor Charles (reigned 1516 -56) continued Spanish expansion into the Netherlands, which had its Frisian warhorse, noted by Vegetius and used on the continent and in Britain in Roman times. Like the Andalusian, the Frisian bred true to type. Even with infusions of Spanish blood during the sixteenth (16th) century (1500s), it retained its indigenous characteristics, taking the best from both breeds.
The Frisian is mentioned in 16th and 17th century works as a courageous horse eminently suitable for war, lacking the volatility of some breeds or the phlegm of very heavy ones. Generally black, the Frisian was around 15hh with strong, cobby conformation, but with a deal more elegance and quality. The noted gait was a smooth trot coming from powerful quarters. Nowadays, though breed definition is retained, the size has markedly increased, as has that of most breeds due to improved rearing and dietary methods."
The "Friesian horse" article on Wikipedia downplays the native Friesian of the 16th century (1500s) being crossbred to the Andalusian horse breed; which, if you take a closer look at, is actually the true "war horse" of the Middle Ages, and commonly credited with being the destrier - not the Friesian. This is also not counting that the infusion of Andalusian blood into the Friesian breed is not potentially documented until the Late Middle Ages, by which time knights in warfare were becoming obsolete.
Neither is Hyland's mention of "16th and 17th century works" pertinent to the era of the earlier Middle Ages, when there were fully-armored knights in plate mail on horseback. Hyland also claims that these "16th and 17th century works" claim that the Friesian was "generally black" by that time period; however, other sources indicate that the Friesian breed being uniformly bred to be black is a much more recent development in the breed - per some sources, within the past 100 years or so.
According to an article by the Friesian Horse Association of North America:
"The Friesian horse nowadays is bred exclusively black. The only white allowed is a small white spot between the eyes. In bygone days, Friesian horses could have different colors."
Citation: The following is an extract from the Summary in English which is part of the Dutch book titled “Het Friese Paard” by G. J. A. Bouma, 1979, and printed by Friese Pers Boekerij, b. v., in Drachten and Leeuwarden, The Netherlands. It is reproduced here by the Friesian Horse Association of North America with the kind permission from the author and Het Friesch Paarden-Stamboek.
Case in point, several black Friesians are carriers for the recessive ee/aa - or red or chestnut - base coat; and, once in a blue moon, a red Friesian foal will be bred from two black Friesian parents. However, modern Friesian studbooks usually prevent or frown upon such horses being registered, much less bred; in some cases, due to their color, they might be barred from the breed registry at all. This is thought to date back to the time when the Friesian was a carriage and driving horse (18th-19th century), when uniformly-colored teams of horses were greatly desired to pull carriages.
To circle around back to "horse types vs. horse breeds", another piece of bad history is the misconception that "the Friesian was used as a destrier by medieval knights". The Friesian Horse Association of North America claims on its website:
"The Friesian horse is gentle, honest, sober, high-mettled and clever. It is descended from the western European horse that has been in general use from the earliest days on and that attained high perfection in the Knight’s horse, the destrier. So far, it has been preserved in Friesland only. There is an increase of numbers outside the province."
This, too, is incorrect, as well as misleading. While the Friesian breed may be descended from horses of another breed that are strongly evidenced to have been destriers - that is, the Andalusian horse - the Andalusian horse and the Friesian horse are considered to be two separate breeds today.
The Wikipedia page "Friesian horse" briefly alludes to this...
"These ancestors of the modern Friesians were used in medieval times to carry knights to battle. In the 12th and 13th centuries, some eastern horses of crusaders were mated with Friesian stock. During the 16th and 17th centuries, when the Netherlands were briefly linked with Spain, there was less demand for heavy war horses, as battle arms changed and became lighter. Andalusian horses were crossbred with Friesians, producing a lighter horse more suitable (in terms of less food intake and waste output) for work as urban carriage horses."
...however, it also specifically states that the Friesian of the time period was a "heavier horse" that had to be crossed with the Andalusian to produce a "lighter horse". This implies that the Friesian was a draft breed. Draft types or breeds are typically used for pulling carts, carriages, and doing agricultural work, something that the destriers of the Middle Ages were certainly not used for. They were far too expensive and valuable to be used as mere cart horses, much less to be put behind the plow and used by peasants. (Would you let your employees use your three-figure sportscar to move furniture? No.)
It is far more likely that Friesian of the Middle Ages was not used as a destrier - that honor goes to the Andalusian breed instead - but instead, as rounceys, or coursers, if they were of a lighter type. The most likely option is the rouncey, which could be trained for war; but, unlike destriers, which were astronomically expensive - think like a triple-figure Ferrari or Maserati sports car today - the rouncey was the all-purpose Toyota Camry of the Middle Ages, something that fits the Friesian today.
Rounceys were also used by squires, men-at-arms, or poorer knights, and a wealthy knight would purchase and keep rounceys for his retinue. This also fits with older descriptions of Friesland troops riding Friesian horses; obviously, troops weren't wealthy individuals, but instead lower-class soldiers.
Under the section "Riding horses", we also see rounceys similarly mentioned:
"Riding horses were used by a variety of people during the Middle Ages, and so varied greatly in quality, size and breeding. Knights and nobles kept riding horses in their war-trains, saving their warhorses [i.e. destriers] for the battle.
The names of horses referred to a type of horse, rather than a breed. Many horses were named by the region where they or their immediate ancestors were foaled [i.e. "Friesian", as in "bred in Friesland"]. For example, in Germany, Hungarian horses were commonly used for riding. Individual horses were often described by their gait ('trotters' or 'amblers'), by their colouring, or by the name of their breeder.
The most typical riding horse was known as a rouncey. It was relatively small and inexpensive. The best riding horses were known as palfreys; another breed of horse was developed in the 14th century in England called a hackney, from which the modern term "hack" is derived. Because the hackney had a trotting gait it was not considered a comfortable ride for most purposes. Women sometimes rode rouncies, palfreys, or small horses known as jennets."
Citations:
Bumke, Joachim (2000) Courtly Culture: Literature and Society in the High Middle Ages, translated by Thomas Dunlap, USA: Overlook Duckworth (First published in 1986 as Höfische Kultur: Literatur und Gesellschaft im holen Mittelalter by Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag). p. 178.
Prestwich, Michael (1996) Armies and Warfare in the Middle Ages: The English Experience. p. 30.
Oakeshott (1998), p. 14 and Prestwich, p. 31; Gravett, p. 59.
The article also distinguishes "Harness and pack horses" (i.e. the Friesian) from "Riding horses":
"A variety of work horses were used throughout the Middle Ages. The pack horse (or 'sumpter horse') carried equipment and belongings. Common riding horses, often called 'hackneys', could be used as pack horses.
Cart horses pulled wagons for trading and freight haulage, on farms, or as part of a military campaign. These draught horses were smaller than their modern counterparts; pictorial and archaeological evidence suggests that they were stout but short, approximately 13 to 14 hands (52 to 56 inches, 132 to 142 cm), and capable of drawing a load of 500 to 600 pounds (230 to 270 kg) per horse.
Four-wheeled wagons and two-wheeled carts were more common in towns, such as London and, depending on type of vehicle and weight of the load, were usually pulled by teams of two, three, or four horses harnessed in tandem.
Starting in the 12th century, in England the use of oxen to pull carts was gradually superseded by the use of horses, a process that extended through the 13th century. This change came because horse-drawn transport moved goods quicker and over greater distances than ox-drawn methods of transport."
Citations:
Dyer, Making a Living. p. 129
Labarge, Margaret Wade (1982) Medieval Travellers: The Rich and the Restless, republished 2005. p. 41.
Gravett, p. 59; Clark, pp. 9-10, 27-28.
Lastly, at the bottom, were the draught, or draft, horses used for agricultural purposes:
"For farm work, such as ploughing and harrowing, the draught horses utilized for these purposes were, in England, called 'affers' and 'stotts' (affrus and stottus in medieval Latin). These horses were usually smaller and cheaper than the cart horse.
[...] While oxen were traditionally used as work animals on farms, horses began to be used in greater numbers after the development of the horse collar. Oxen and horses were sometimes harnessed together. The transition from oxen to horses for farm work was documented in pictorial sources...which increased the cultivation of fodder crops (predominantly oats, barley and beans).
Horses were also used to process crops; they were used to turn the wheels in mills (such as corn mills), and transport crops to market. The change to horse-drawn teams also meant a change in ploughs, as horses were more suited to a wheeled plough, unlike oxen."
Citations:
Chamberlin, J. Edward (2006), Horse: How the Horse Has Shaped Civilizations.
Claridge, Jordan (June 2017). "The role of demesnes in the trade of agricultural horses in late medieval England" (PDF). Agricultural History Review. 65 (1): 5.
Clark, pp. 27-28; Gies & Gies, pp. 128, 147.
It should be noted that the Friesian horse's primary roots come from draft, or draught, horses, which would mean that many of its ancestors were likely the opposite of "destriers". Today, the Friesian horse is still classified as either a "light draft type", or a "heavy warmblood type".
Per the Wikipedia page "Heavy warmblood":
"The heavy warmbloods (German: Schwere Warmblüter) are a group of horse breeds primarily from continental Europe. The title includes the Ostfriesen ("East Friesian") and Alt-Oldenburger ("Old-Oldenburger"), Groningen, and similar horses from Silesia, Saxony-Thuringia, and Bavaria.
Breeds like the Hungarian Nonius, Kladruber, and Cleveland Bay are also often classed as "heavy warmbloods." They are the ancestors of the modern warmbloods, and are typically bred by preservation groups to fit the pre-World War I model of the all-purpose utility horse.
[...] European horses in the Middle Ages could fall into several categories, though as a group they were likely common, small, and primitive by modern standards. There were small, hardy farm horses, smooth-stepping saddle horses, quicker "coursers", and a very few highly prized, powerful destriers. As the availability of firearms grew, heavily armored knights and their heavy mounts became impractical 'relics of the past'.
The Spanish horses - ancestors of the Andalusian, the Danish Frederiksborg, and the Neapolitan horse - were particularly popular among the German nobility during the 17th and 18th centuries (1600s-1700s). As they collected these stallions, the residents bred them to their native mares, setting a foundation we would identify today as 'baroque'. From this base of thick, primarily dark-colored horses, the Groningen, Friesian, East Friesian, and Oldenburg would eventually be born.
[...] The most famous of the heavy warmbloods was the Oldenburg. Today's Oldenburg is bred for sport, and so the old type is designated as such: Alt-Oldenburger. The history of the Oldenburg is almost indistinguishable from that of horses bred in nearby East Frisia. Though there are two names (Old-Oldenburg and East Friesian), the horse is quite the same, having always exchanged genetic material.
The plow horses of the Frisian marshes had to be powerful to work through the heavy soil, and so were significantly heavier than farm horses in other parts of Europe. Organized horse breeding began in Oldenburg under Count Anton Günther (1603–1667), who brought popular stallions from Spain, Italy, Turkey, and Poland. Later on, Cleveland Bays were introduced as well, and the result was a solid, good-natured mare base from which came the Karossier."
Citation: "State Studs of Germany". Bernd Eylers. Archived from the original on 2008-02-03. Retrieved 2007-12-29.
A 2019 study of Friesian genetics also revealed the Friesian horse breed's closest genetic relative was not the Andalusian, but Belgian draft horses, used to pull plows in teams for agricultural purposes:
"Genetically least distant from the Friesian horses were the Belgian draft horses, the other coldblood horse population that was sampled. Identical findings were obtained by van de Goor and colleagues."
Source: Schurink A, Shrestha M, Eriksson S, Bosse M, Bovenhuis H, Back W, Johansson AM, Ducro BJ. The Genomic Makeup of Nine Horse Populations Sampled in the Netherlands. Genes. 2019; 10(6):480, citing Van de Goor, L.H.P.; van Haeringen, W.A.; Lenstra, J.A. Population studies of 17 equine STR for forensic and phylogenetic analysis. Anim. Genet. 2011, 42, 627–633.
Quote from the cited source: "We found three clusters of related breeds: (i) the cold-blooded draught breeds Haflinger, Dutch draft, and Friesian; (ii) the pony breeds Shetland and Miniature horse with the Falabella, Appaloosa and Icelandic; and (iii) The Warmblood riding breeds, together with the hot-blooded Standard-bred, Thoroughbred and Arabian."
Indeed, the the Draft Cross Breeders and Owners Association recognizes the Friesian horse as a "draft breed". Coupled with Eylers' article as a source above, this would mean that the Friesian horse breed - as we know it today - is not "the ancient, beautiful war horse of the Middle Ages", as claimed by so many sources on the Friesian online, but a more recent creation, dating back to the the transition from heavy armored knights to a more "modern" military towards the end of the Late Middle Ages.
While there is some physical evidence of Andalusian influence on the Friesian breed - most notably, their body structure, and flowing manes and tails, kept that way to mimic their claimed Andalusian ancestors - at the same time, the Friesian is a very physically distinct and different breed from the Andalusian, being heavier-built. There is also little documentation or evidence to support Andalusians being used to refine the Friesian horse, though this cross - called the "Warlander" in more recent years - was popularized in the 1990s, among other, lighter Friesian crosses (i.e. Friesian Sport Horse).
More specifically, "Warlander" was coined only in the late 20th century by the Classical Sporthorse Stud in Western Australia, who named the cross after their association with veterinarian Dr. Warwick Vale. The creators of the "Warlander", too, have made bad history claims closely related to those made about the Friesian; however, those claims are more or less a lot less pervasive and widespread than ones of about the Friesian. You'll find that this is a recurring theme with Friesian crossbreeders.
(Source: "The Warlander breed was officially developed in 1990 by Karen-Maree Kaye, Stud Principal of the Classical Sporthorse Stud [CSS] in Perth, Australia. CSS began with a successful Friesian x Thoroughbred breeding program which resulted in producing horses for movie horse trainers – Evanne Chesson of Australian Movie Livestock, as well as competition horses up to International level. The physical and mental attributes that set a high school horse apart, and the personal preference for a rounder, baroque type horse specifically suited to this discipline lead to the development of the Warlander for the stud.")
The question still remains: "Why misrepresent and do misleading marketing to sell the Friesian as a 'medieval war mount, used as a destrier by knights', when in reality, it was anything but?"
Part of the answer to this, too, lies in Eylers' article. Eylers states:
"War and the appearance of the horse-powered tractor in the 20th century increased the demand for heavier horses, which Oldenburg and East Frisia supplied. By the 1960s, such horses were obsolete, and their breeders had to adapt. From these horses was born the modern Oldenburg, and the old types were in danger of disappearing. In the 1980s, a new preservation society was formed, and with the help of horses from Poland, Denmark, the Netherlands and Moritzburg State Stud, the breed was saved. Today there are 20 approved stallions and 160 broodmares, all primarily black or dark bay in color. They are powerful and sound, but very gentle horses."
The Friesian horse breed, being closely related to the old-type Oldenburg horse breed - also called "Bovenlanders" - was also in danger of going extinct by the 1980s, largely due to the mechanization of the agricultural sector in which it had been bred for, as well as the transition from horse-drawn carriages to motorized cars. This caused a massive decline in draft horse breeds across Europe.
Per the Wikipedia article "Friesian horse":
"At the time, the Friesian horse was declining in numbers, and was being replaced by the more fashionable Bovenlanders, both directly, and by crossbreeding Bovenlander stallions on Friesian mares. This had already virtually exterminated the pure Friesian in significant parts of the province in 1879, which made the inclusion of Bovenlanders necessary.
While the work of the society led to a revival of the breed in the late 19th century, it also resulted in the sale and disappearance of many of the best stallions from the breeding area, and Friesian horse populations dwindled. By the early 20th century, the number of available breeding [Friesian] stallions was down to three.
[...] Displacement by petroleum-powered farm equipment on dairy farms also was a threat to the survival of Friesian horse. The last draught function performed by Friesians on a significant scale was on farms that raised dairy cattle. World War II slowed the process of displacement, allowing the population and popularity of the breed to rebound.
Important in the initial stage of the recovery of the breed was due to the family-owned Circus Strassburger, who, having fled Nazi Germany for the Low Countries, discovered the show qualities of the breed, and demonstrated its abilities outside of its local breeding area during and after the Nazi occupation."
The Friesian would go on to be used in Circus Strassburger as a show and performance horse - similar to Medieval Times today - until the circus closed in 1963. Harry Belli, who once performed with Circus Strassburger, went on to use Friesian horses in his own "Circus Belli" until 1975.
Enter the 1985 film Ladyhawke, in which a 19-year-old Friesian gelding named Goliath was used prominently in the film as the mount of the lead, Etienne Navarre (Rutger Hauer).
According to one article on the topic:
"Othello was a circus performer [horse] for Manuela [Estrella] Beeloo, his owner."
From what I could pull up on a Google search, Manuela Estrella Beeloo was a female circus performer and horse trainer hired for Ladyhawke (1985). Typically, these horse trainers also provide their own trained horses for the production. Beeloo had previously been a horse trainer for Circus Krone-Bau in 1976 - or the 1970s - in the Netherlands, and had worked with Friesians in the circus industry before.
Friesians were first imported to the United States in 1974, when Tom Hannon of Canton, Ohio, did so. Later on, in 1984, the "Friesian Connection" was founded by Dutch couple Robert and Arlene DeBoer when they imported three Friesian mares from the Netherlands. From there, it expanded into a well-established breeding program, training, selling, and importing horses from the Netherlands.
Fred DeBoer would eventually become one of the founding fathers of FHANA (Friesian Horse Association of North America). DeBoer had a dream of bringing his native horse, the Friesian, to the United States in the 1980s. Within 25 years, he accomplished his dream, and established himself as one of the top Friesian breeders on the West coast. Fred DeBoer - also known as "Feike" - was born in Friesland, Holland, where the Friesian originated, and he took a sense of national pride in the breed.
In 1983, the first meeting to organize the Friesian Horse Association in the U.S. was held in Visalia, California. As Ladyhawke also began filming the same year, the Friesian Horse Association subsequently decided to use Ladyhawke (1985) as an attempt to promote and preserve the Friesian breed, building a modern - and very misleading - fantastical mythology around the breed to match the medieval fantasy setting of Ladyhawke.
Dutch breeder Fred DeBoer, who had been trying to increase the breed’s popularity in America for years, was grateful to Ladyhawke for doing what he had failed to do. However, this also included the Friesian Horse Association - helmed by DeBoer - wrongly claiming that the Friesian "was, in fact, the destrier once ridden by medieval knights".
In turn, Rutger Hauer - the Dutch movie star who had ridden the Friesian gelding Goliath in Ladyhawke - also fell in love with Goliath and the Friesian breed, seeking to help promote it to the masses. In 1988, Fred DeBoer presented Rutger Hauer with a 3-year-old Friesian from his own farm for what he had done to promote the breed in Ladyhawke. Hauer showed it off at the L.A. Equestrian Center.
Ladyhawke also caused a lot of new interest in the previously-unknown Friesian breed in the U.S. Per one equestrian who was around at the time of the film's release:
"Unless you were in the competitive driving world back in 1985, Friesians were practically unknown to the wider equestrian community in the United States. Then Ladyhawke comes out, and posters of Rutger Hauer sitting on a magnificent black horse were slapped on the sides of movie theaters everywhere. That’s when the horse world loses its collective mind. I remember my horse magazines filled with letters to the editor asking 'WHAT IS THAT HORSE?' Then a few months later, those magazines had articles about Friesians. Everyone wanted one. I wanted one. I still want one. Before long, Friesians are showing up in the show ring, and then on the big and little screens."
After Ladyhawke (1985) became a cult classic, the Friesian horse breed would experience an explosion in popularity across Hollywood, appearing in many other TV shows and movies - including the Zorro film franchise starring Antonio Banderas as the Mexican masked hero. Friesians have featured in English historical dramas such as Emma and Sense and Sensibility; fantasy movies, such as Eragon and Interview with a Vampire; children’s movies like Disney’s Tall Tales; and even blockbusters about ancient history, such as 300, starring Gerard Butler; and Alexander, starring Colin Farrell and Angelina Jolie, in which a Friesian stallion played the part of Alexander the Great’s famous horse, Bucephalus.
Friesians also featured in Conan the Barbarian, The Chronicles of Narnia, Clash of the Titans, Wonder Woman, The Hunger Games, and more. As soon as Ladyhawke popularized the Friesian horse breed in Hollywood, Friesian horse breeders began marketing their horses for use in TV and film, and entire cottage industry sprang up around this. (More recently, trainers have tried including different breeds.)
The price tags on buying Friesian horses also skyrocketed. Today, a single Friesian horse can go for $10,000 or more in the United States, meaning there's much money to be had in the breeding of Friesians, as well as crossbreeding Friesians with lighter-build horse breeds to produce "Friesian Sport Horses". The number of Friesians in the U.S. had swelled to 8,000, and then nearly doubled to 14,000.
(However, due to the breed being descended from only a few horses, inbreeding is also rampant within the breed. This has also been the focus of a slew of studies on Friesians over the years.)
Yet, every time a new movie or TV show uses a Friesian horse - especially in a medieval or ancient setting - it reinforces the myth and stereotype that the Friesian as a "medieval treasure". Despite this myth helping to save the Friesian breed, it is also used as a misleading marketing tactic - tantamount to false advertising - in order to artificially inflate the high prices that Friesian horses go for nowadays.
One source I found even defends the use of Friesians, even in "atypical settings", with this excuse:
"To the general audience [unfamiliar with history and horses], a horse is a horse is a horse. A misplaced breed of horse is unlikely to be as noticeable as, say, a jet's contrail streaking through the sky above Herod's temple in the first century. The reality is Spartans probably weren't as large as their actors portrayed them to be, either. But when it comes to creating epic battle scenes, a little freedom is taken by directors, and they can be forgiven for wanting to use such a majestic-looking animal in their film."
In my own view, Friesians are the "white tigers" of the horse world.
While they appear flashy and beautiful on the surface - which made them popular for decades in circus, and Las Vegas performances with Siegfried and Roy - this outward façade of beauty often hides many genetic and other problems within the Friesian horse breed. The bigger the breed grows in numbers, the more inbreeding is required to produce more Friesians. This has also led to increasing concerns within the past decade pertaining to animal welfare, and the breed's closed studbook.
(For more on this topic, you can read "The trouble with Friesians" by Kenneth Marcella, DVM, c. 1 June 2013, as well as "Tipping Point for the Friesian Horse?" by FHANA, c. 28 April 2022, among other studies. There's an entire rabbit hole to dive into there, for the more scientifically-minded.)
Meanwhile, Googling "Friesian horse" continues to bring up a plethora of bad history regarding the breed, as well as its claimed origins as a "medieval war horse". The Friesian of the Middle Ages bore little, if any, resemblance to today's heavily-inbred breed. Instead, today's Friesian should be known as the "circus horse", since it went from being a "carriage horse" to being used in entertainment.
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2023.05.10 06:45 luis3mrd Angelina Jordan sings "Valerie" for Heidi in GNTM

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